The advancement and latest technologies used for genome editing has opened the door of targeting and altering the genomic sequences, depending upon the bacterial nucleases, in almost all eukaryotic cells. Genomic editing has helped the scientists in understanding the contribution of genetics in studying pathological process of many diseases by creating accurate animal and cellular models. This technique has shown extraordinary potential and provided latest approaches from basic research to advance biomedical and biotechnological research. The idea of gene editing technology has reached the clinical practice phase after the discovery of programable gene editors like Zinc Finger Nucleases (ZFN), Transcription Activator Like Effector Nucleases (TALENs) and Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat (CRISPR)–Casassociated nuclease. This review will discuss all the three strategies (ZFN, TALENS, CRISPR/case system) used for genome editing and their application against the diseases as well as their mode of action and delivery methods.

Keywords : Genome editing; Zinc Finger Nucleases (ZFN); Transcription Activator Like Effector Nucleases (TALENs); styling; Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat (CRISPR)–Cas9.