Metal nanoparticles have been employed for antimicrobial purposes since the dawn of time. Metal nanoparticles have gotten a lot of interest as the need for nanotechnology has grown due to their wide range of applications. Chemical and biological methods are preferred as they possess great efficiency, low production costs, and environmental friendliness. Precursors, reducing agents, and stabilizers can all be used in the chemical production of nanoparticles. Fungi, bacteria, yeast, plant components, and plant extracts are all used in biological methods. Researchers have turned their attention towards inorganic disinfectants due to the toxicity of organic chemicals. Although silver is thought to have the best antibacterial activity, other inorganic metals such as ZnO, CuO, Gold, and TiO2 have also attracted researcher’s attention. Microorganisms are microscopic living organisms that are found all over the world. Bacteria, fungi and yeast are the most common microorganisms. Antibacterial capabilities of nanoparticles have been discovered for both Grampositive and Gram-negative microorganisms. Metal nanoparticles antimicrobial mechanisms involve the production of metal ions that damage the intracellular membrane, causing ROS, and then intrude the bacterial cell membrane, damaging bacterial DNA, and causing cell death. The efficiency of the antimicrobial action of NPs depends on the shape and size of the particle. This review focus on the literature, advancement in antimicrobial action of nanoparticle, the antibacterial activity of nanoparticles, the action of nanoparticles on microbes and commercial applications of metal nanoparticles are all explored in this paper.

Keywords : Metal Nanoparticles, Microbes, Biological Synthesis, Metal Oxide.