Contemporary climate variability is having a disproportionate impact on societies, especially in developing countries where adaptive capacity remains low. It is characterized by floods that threaten people's lives and property in southern countries towns. This study is aimed at analysing the factors of vulnerability to flood risk in the town of Yaoundé within the context of climate variability. The methodology is based on a literature review, inter-annual analysis of average rainfall between 2005-2020 and average deviations, direct field observations and interviews. It shows that the vulnerability of Yaoundé inhabitants to flood risks has increased over the past fifteen years with climate variability, due to rainfall surpluses and deficit. This climate variability manifests in untimely and heavy downpours and significant rainfall surpluses. Moreover, the topography of the city, demographic pressure and anarchic urbanization and the environmental incivility of the populations are all factors that regularly expose the city to floods despite the efforts made by the Government with the support of donors and development associations to combat this phenomenon. Environmental sensitization and education and the mastery of urbanization are all the challenges that the government should face in order to ensure the well-being of people

Keywords : Climate Variability, Vulnerability, Floods, Adaptation, Yaoundé