This research aimed at determining the prevalence of diabetes and factors associated among HIV patients on ART admitted at Mulago national referral hospital ART clinic, and a total of 200 HIV- infected adults were enrolled in the study. To determine prevalence and factors associated with diabetes, a questionnaire, was used to collect socio-demographic data, participants underwent assessment of Random blood sugar levels at enrolment and returned the following morning for fasting blood sugar (FBS) to be measured and diabetes was defined as FBG ≥ 7.0 mmol/L. A multivariate logistic analysis was applied to assess factors associated with diabetes. The overall diabetes prevalence was 7.5% (95%CI: 3.5, 11.5), with males at 5.3% (95%CI: 1.3, 12.0), and females at 8.8% (95%CL: 4.8, 13.6), 7.8% (95%CI: 3.9, 12.2) among urban residents, and 5.3% (95%CI: 0.0, 15.8) among rural residents, with those on second line treatment at 23.9% (95%CI: 13.0, 39.1) and 2.6% (95%CI: 0.6, 5.2) among participants on first line drugs. Those on second line drugs were significantly more likely to have diabetes (AOR 3.420(95%CI 2.053, 25.314) P=0.005), compared to first line users. Overweight, and Obese participants were also more likely to have diabetes (AOR 2.94375 (95%CI 2.915, 123.562) P=0.002) compared to those with normal weight. Participants with systolic pressure >139mmHg were almost 2 times more likely to have diabetes (AOR 1.529 (95%CI 1.223, 17.400) P=0.024), compared to those with a normal blood pressure. Diabetes prevalence among HIV patients in Uganda is high compared to what is reported in the general population. Body Mass Index (BMI), Use of Second Line drugs and Hypertension were found to be the factors associated with diabetes among HIV patients on ART.

Keywords : Diabetes, Uganda, Antiretroviral Therapy, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Fasting Blood Sugar, Mulago National Hospital.