Nepal is a naturally blessed hydro-resources rich country with one of the highest per capita hydropower potentials in the world, yet hungry of economic enhancement through hydropower development. This paper emphasizes on challenges in this sector, mainly technical and investment (financial) challenges, among many, for not being fully able to harness this sector. Among the technical challenges, fragile geology, hydrologic variability, high rate of sedimentation, difficult terrain with dispersed settlement, stringent environmental concerns, lack of policy interventions in hydropower development etc have been the major obstacles to overcome. Similarly, regarding financial challenges, constraints in mobilizing funding from Financial Intermediaries (FIS), foreign exchange risk, repatriation risk, sovereign risk (country risk), payment risk, construction risks (time and cost overrun), hydrological risks, local level disputes and risks need to be conveniently addressed to.

Keywords : Hydropower, Challenges, Opportunities, Nepal, Hydro Resources, Energy.