Having to undergo surgery is a stress- triggering fact in most people. It is a process that will affect the physical, psychological, social, spiritual and financial aspects of the patient's life. In the preoperative period, instruction and evaluation by health professionals are essential to soften the emotions related to fears due to the imminence of the procedure. This literature review will discuss and observe the influence that anxiety levels will have on the emotional aspect of patients in the preoperative period. All clarifications must be given to patients about the procedure to be performed, care, risks, benefits and estimated recovery time be made in an accessible language that is easily understood by individuals so that all understanding by the patients is facilitated. same. Thus, it can be observed the importance of a good relationship between patient and health professionals, since, with good care, it can be seen that patients feel safer and confident which reflects in lower anxiety levels avoiding its undesirable consequences. This highlights the importance of greater humanization patient care and shows that a good reception can make the entire anesthetic-surgical process successful and have a reduced chance of complications.