The growing prevalence and associated metabolic diseases of Diabetes Mellitus makes it a global public health concern. Empirical evidence demonstrates the influence of insulin biochemistry (metabolic parameters) – resistance, secretion, and sensitivity – in the development of Diabetes Mellitus; however, the factors underlying the biochemical behaviour these parameters and their associated impact level are noteworthy. Therefore, the aim of this review is to assess the factors influencing Insulin Biochemistry. METHODS: Database-searched articles (using Advanced search with Boolean operators and the key search terms) and manually searched articles (Using Basic search and the key search terms), published between 1993 and 2013, that passed the predetermined inclusion/exclusion criteria were selected, critically appraised (using a CASP checklist), and the data analysed and synthesised using a narrative evidence synthesis. Microsoft office Excel application was used as the data extraction matrix for individual studies included. RESULTS: 14 articles from 1074 database-identified articles were included for analysis, after the inclusion/exclusion criteria-based screening process. 11 of the studies focused on insulin resistance; while, the other 3 studies, focused on insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion. Physical, Dietary, Biochemical, Genetic, and Morbidity factors were significantly associated and correlated with insulin resistance; while, Exercise/Fitness and Medication/Supplementation factors were associated with insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion, across different population groups in UK. CONCLUSION: Insulin parameters are influenced by both intrinsic and extrinsic biological factors; with the most predominant influence exerted by Biochemical, Genetic and Medication (Supplementation) factors

Keywords : Insulin, Insulin Resistance, Insulin Sensitivity, Insulin Secretion, Diabetes Mellitus and United Kingdom.