Balochistan is the mineral rich province of Pakistan. It is largest province in terms of area, but not in terms population. Its population remained low because of its arid landscape and shortage of water. The current census shows its population growth rate was highest during last 19 year as compare to whole Pakistan and other provinces. It is a good sign. Now with the population growth it is also going on a way to prosperity with the development of Gwadar port and CPEC. Still there are many challenges to cope for the smooth and sustainable development of Balochistan. As well as there are many opportunities to boost the economy of Balochistan.

Keywords : Population Census, Growth Rate, Challenges; Opportunities.