Background of the study: Dental plaque and associated pathogenic microorganisms are often considered as the primary etiological agents of gingival and periodontal diseases. Besides microorganism and plaque, numerous studies have shown periodontitis as a disease of multi-factorial origin involving several associated local factors such as age, gender, oral habits, malocclusion and systemic risk factors like diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Successful periodontal management in patients with these associated systemic factors depends on the host tissue response and underlying disease mechanism. Aim: The present literature review was carried out to apprehend and explore the various clinical aspects associated with diabetic and hypertensive patients following periodontal therapy. Materials and methods: A structured literature search for articles written in the English language in PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Google Scholar and Web of Science databases from 2000 to till date was retrieved by using MeSH terms “periodontal therapy”, “diabetes and periodontitis”, “Management of periodontitis”, “oral and systemic complications” “Periodontal Complications” “Hypertension and oral disease”, “systemic disease and Periodontal treatment” and “prognosis in periodontitis”. Discussion: Diabetes mellitus of type 2 variant have shown a strong risk factor for bone loss caused by periodontitis and it was also observed that poor control of diabetes is correlated with markers of periodontal disease activity however the exact mechanism was not clearly understood. In nearly all epidemiological studies, intervention studies impact of periodontal therapy on blood pressure was either not clear or inconclusive. Conclusion: From the above review, it can be noted that improvement in HbA1c levels along with clinical parameters such as plaque index, bleeding on probing, pocket probing depth, clinical attachment level, and gingival recession is directly associated with effective nonsurgical management of periodontitis and vice-versa thus supporting the concept of “Bi-Directional mechanism”. Similarly though periodontal disease can be considered as a potential risk factor for hypertension, but the reverse could also be true. Hence Future studies should be directed to produce better understanding of the mechanisms and relations between diabetes, hypertension and periodontitis, which will further support the effective management.

Keywords : Diabetes, Hypertension, Modified therapies, Periodontal complications, Prognosis, Quality of life