The role of nanotechnology in the solution of biological and medical problems using nanocomputer methods in diagnostics and treatment is considered in this paper. The problem of creation of new technology by means of programmed probes, where the following main elements are presented: the creation of micro transmitters, processors, “sensors”, “manipulators which perform the process” and "effectors” is analysed in details. Microsurgical “robot tentacles” have the ability to self-setting. Significant achievements have been gained with the aim of creating nanomaterials, nanodiagnostics, transportation of therapeutic drugs. Those achievements are considered, which have been obtained in the direction of cancer diagnostics and treatment, as well as for treatment of damaged tissues with nanotechnologically prepared tissues. Nanotechnology already has some high sensitive methods to detect malignant tumor at the level of blood molecules and even the predisposition of a patient to malignant tumor. The device, developed on the principles of sensors allowing the identifying the viruses, which are spread in the environment should be noted. The capsules for the regulation of insulin concentration in the blood of patients suffering from diabetes I type are undergoing a clinical examination. Oxygen transporter or a respirocyte is created; its structure and function are considered in details. The fact of crotocytes creation, where a fibrous mass, releasing in the damaged area of the tissue, presented in the depth of the formation of these crotocytes should be considered as a remarkable achievement. The formation of fibrous net is observed and under its impact the bleeding is stopped for some seconds. It turns out that using nanotechnological methods, there are great prospects for solving biological and medical problems.

Keywords : Nanobiology, Nanomedicine, Diagnostics and Nanotechnological Treatment, Transporters, Sensors.