This study sought to assess the cost and gross margin of wheat in Nawa District of Helmand Province, Afghanistan. In the wheat crop season during December 2020 - June, 2021. A survey method was employed and six (6) villages were selected at random which are the major wheat producing villages in the said district. A total of 80 respondents (growers) were probed by personal interview method from the sampled villages. Cost and return (gross return) data from the respondents were analyzed. Farm budgeting technique for estimating cost, gross return and profitability was applied. The analysis of data revealed that the average cost per Jerib was Af. 14355. Similarly, average production of wheat (output) was estimated 1006 kg/Jerib (0.2 ha.) Thus the gross return was Af. 28972.8/Jerib, whereas the net return (profit) from wheat production was Af. 14617.8/Jerib. It is thus concluded that profit is under the direct positive influence of price and output of wheat grain whereas cost had negatively affected the wheat profitability

Keywords : Wheat, Cost, Profitability and Net Return.