Relevant Brazilian incidents have occurred in the last decade involving indoor fires, including the Boate Kiss and the Flamengo Training Center, smoke inhalation in these situations are relevant causes of morbidity and mortality, with consequent clinical manifestations, dyspnea, fatigue, sputum. carbonaceous disease, respiratory rhythm disorders and neurological symptoms. This literature review used the Medline, Lilacs, Pubmed and Scielo databases., between 2010 and 2019, articles in Portuguese and English, with the keywords "toxic smoke effects" and "sequelae". Burns are among the top 5 causes of death in Brazil. The inhalation of soot, when associated with the thermal injuries themselves can end up killing the individual in a few moments. This smoke released during fires consists mainly of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen cyanide (HCN), in which the former competes with oxygen for hemoglobin, causing asphyxiation and the second binds to cytochrome C oxidase A and prevents mitochondrial activity. There are terrible personal and social repercussions that can be avoided if better supervision by the public authorities of these places occurs.