Alcohol intake throughout the gestational period increases the risk of complications to the fetus. Drinking alcohol during pregnancy is linked to several occurrences in this phase, such as precipitation of labor and abortion, among others. The purpose of this study is to verify the association between alcohol consumption and the increased risk of pregnancy complications. It has been noted that in recent years there has been a reduction in the rate of reduction of deaths due to infectious diseases, and in contrast, an increase in deaths attributed to congenital malformations. What has been observed is that this use of these substances has been increasingly constant. Considering the harms that the consumption of alcohol by pregnant women generate, there is a duty by health professionals to make a good history prenatal period to detect the possible consumption of these substances. Prophylaxis for women should be based primarily on the emphasis on reporting the various harms and harms that ingestion of this substance can cause to the fetus, as the physical and mental disorders that may occur as a result of alcohol use in pregnancy are completely avoidable if the woman stops taking this intake. Thus, in addition to highlighting the need and importance of total abstinence from alcohol during pregnancy, it is important to clarify their potential harm; so that child mortality from these causes can be reduced.